In his 1919 essay of the same title, Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud defines das unheimliche (‘the uncanny’) as, ‘that class of frightening which leads back to what is known of old and long familiar.’ His original essay relies on the etymology of the
![[ARTICLE] ‘Man is the Measure’: The Individual and the Tribe in Modernist Representations of the Primitive](http://www.victoriaaddis.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/roerich-ritual-circle-480x300.jpg "[ARTICLE] ‘Man is the Measure’: The Individual and the Tribe in Modernist Representations of the Primitive")
Originally published in Postgraduate English, vol. 32 (March, 2016) ABSTRACT This interdisciplinary study investigates the tensions inherent within the ‘anti-modern’ element of early modernism and its relationship to Victorian and fin de siècle narratives of modernity. Using Sigmund Freud’s Totem and
Freud’s Beyond the Pleasure Principle is perhaps his most controversial work. One that is difficult to get to grips with ideologically, and to follow through the twists and turns of its reasoning. Yet there is much of interest to be found.