Originally published in Postgraduate English, vol. 32 (March, 2016) ABSTRACT This interdisciplinary study investigates the tensions inherent within the ‘anti-modern’ element of early modernism and its relationship to Victorian and fin de siècle narratives of modernity. Using Sigmund Freud’s Totem and
‘Man is the Measure’: The Individual and the Tribe in Modernist Representations of the Primitive
